Dry Ice Handling Safety: Best Practices for Healthcare and Food Industry Professionals

Dry ice, a solid form of carbon dioxide (CO2), is a popular refrigerant in the healthcare and food industries due to its extreme cold temperature of -78.5°C (-109.3°F). Its ability to maintain low temperatures without turning into liquid makes it ideal for transporting and storing sensitive items such as medical specimens, vaccines, and perishable foods. 

However, the handling of dry ice requires careful attention to safety due to its potential hazards, including frostbite, asphyxiation risks, and the possibility of explosive pressure build-up in enclosed containers.

Wearing Protective Gear

The first rule of safe dry ice handling is to wear protective gear. Insulated gloves are essential to prevent skin contact, which can cause severe cold burns similar to frostbite. Eye protection is also critical, as the sublimation of dry ice can cause small particles to become airborne, posing a risk to the eyes.

Ensuring Adequate Ventilation

Dry ice sublimates directly from solid to gas, increasing CO2 levels in the air. This can lead to an oxygen-deficient environment in poorly ventilated spaces, posing a risk of asphyxiation. It’s crucial to use dry ice in well-ventilated areas and to be mindful of ventilation when transporting dry ice in vehicles.

Using Appropriate Handling Tools

To avoid direct contact with dry ice, use tools such as tongs or scoop shovels specifically designed for handling cold materials. This practice reduces the risk of cold burns and allows for safer transport of dry ice from storage containers to application areas.

Safe Storage Practices

Dry ice should be stored in insulated containers that allow gas to escape, such as coolers with loose-fitting lids. Completely sealing dry ice in an airtight container can lead to pressure build-up and potential explosions. Proper storage units will minimize this risk while keeping the dry ice effective for longer periods.

Transportation Considerations

When transporting dry ice, ensure the vehicle is well-ventilated to prevent CO2 buildup. Consider cracking windows or using ventilation systems to maintain fresh air circulation, reducing the risk of CO2-induced asphyxiation for the driver and passengers.

Comprehensive Training and Education

All personnel involved in handling dry ice should undergo thorough training on its properties, potential hazards, and safe handling practices. This education should cover proper use of protective gear, emergency procedures for exposure or injuries, and the environmental conditions required for safe dry ice use. 

Emergency Procedures and First Aid

Facilities should have clear, accessible emergency procedures for dealing with dry ice exposure, including first aid measures for cold burns and steps to take in case of high CO2 exposure. Quick and informed responses can mitigate injuries and prevent serious accidents.

Understanding Quantity and Usage

Knowing the right amount of dry ice needed for specific applications can prevent overuse, which, in turn, minimizes handling and storage risks. Calculating the appropriate quantity for each use case ensures efficiency and safety.

Proper Disposal Methods

Unused dry ice should never be disposed of in a way that could cause harm. It should be allowed to sublimate in well-ventilated areas, away from confined spaces, waterways, or plumbing systems, to prevent pressure build-up and potential damage.

Forge Forward with nexAir

By following these safety guidelines, healthcare and food industry professionals can use dry ice effectively for cooling and preservation, thanks to nexAir’s expert KnowHow™ and supply in this field. Understanding dry ice’s properties is crucial for leveraging its benefits while maintaining a safe work environment. nexAir supports this with resources and products tailored for these industries.